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collectors/domain_health.py

292 lines12,318 bytessha256 3948f71c4ace
  1. """Domain-health enrichment collector for known threat domains (Phase-3).
  3. For each domain (default: all confirmed-malicious root domains in the
  4. current dataset_clean, or a JSON list passed via --input):
  6. - DNS: MX / NS / A existence + SPF (TXT starting `v=spf1`) — reuses the
  7. dns_enrich.py three-state convention (True/False/None + dns_error).
  8. - HTTP liveness: HEAD (fallback GET on 405) with short timeout; records
  9. status, whether the host answers, and a parked-page sniff (title/keywords
  10. from the first 4KB of a GET, only when HEAD suggests a live 200 page).
  11. - Wayback CDX first-seen: https://web.archive.org/cdx/search/cdx?url=<domain>
  12. &limit=1 → oldest capture timestamp.
  13. - crt.sh certificate-transparency first-seen: bounded sample (≤ crt.sh
  14. sample limit, default 500) to respect their load; JSON streamed/attempted
  15. per domain with polite sleep.
  17. Contracts: results cached per domain in data/raw/domain_health/, resumable
  18. (rerun skips domains already in the cache), polite concurrency ≤10 threads
  19. with short timeouts, nothing large held in RAM. Output: one JSONL file
  20. data/raw/domain_health/domain_health_<date>.jsonl (append/resumable) plus a
  21. sidecar .meta.json with sha256/counts.
  23. License: protocol lookups / factual metadata; Wayback CDX and crt.sh are
  24. public services — used politely, bounded, cached (see LICENSE_NOTES.md).
  25. """
  27. from __future__ import annotations
  29. import argparse
  30. import concurrent.futures as cf
  31. import datetime
  32. import hashlib
  33. import json
  34. import pathlib
  35. import sys
  36. import threading
  38. import requests
  40. from collectors import common
  42. RAW = common.raw_dir("domain_health")
  43. _lock = threading.Lock()
  46. # ------------------------------------------------------------------- DNS
  48. def dns_health(domain: str, timeout: float = 3.0) -> dict:
  49. try:
  50. import dns.resolver
  51. except ImportError as e:
  52. raise RuntimeError("dnspython required") from e
  53. resolver = dns.resolver.Resolver()
  54. resolver.lifetime = timeout
  55. resolver.timeout = min(2.0, timeout)
  56. rec: dict = {"dns_mx_exists": None, "dns_ns_exists": None,
  57. "dns_a_exists": None, "has_spf": None, "dns_error": None}
  58. try:
  59. for rtype, key in (("A", "dns_a_exists"), ("MX", "dns_mx_exists"),
  60. ("NS", "dns_ns_exists")):
  61. try:
  62. ans = resolver.resolve(domain, rtype)
  63. rec[key] = len(ans) > 0
  64. if rtype == "MX":
  65. rec["mx_record"] = str(ans[0].exchange) if len(ans) else None
  66. except dns.resolver.NoAnswer:
  67. rec[key] = False
  68. except dns.resolver.NoNameservers:
  69. rec["dns_error"] = "servfail"
  70. except dns.resolver.LifetimeTimeout:
  71. rec["dns_error"] = "timeout"
  72. except Exception as e: # noqa: BLE001
  73. rec["dns_error"] = type(e).__name__.lower()
  74. if rec["dns_error"] == "nxdomain":
  75. rec.update({"dns_a_exists": False, "dns_mx_exists": False,
  76. "dns_ns_exists": False, "has_spf": False})
  77. else:
  78. try:
  79. txt = resolver.resolve(domain, "TXT")
  80. rec["has_spf"] = any(
  81. b"".join(getattr(s, "strings", [b""])).lower().startswith(b"v=spf1")
  82. for r in txt for s in [r])
  83. except Exception: # noqa: BLE001
  84. rec["has_spf"] = False
  85. except Exception: # absolute safety net
  86. rec["dns_error"] = "resolver_error"
  87. return rec
  90. # ------------------------------------------------------------------ HTTP
  92. _PARKED_MARKERS = ("domain for sale", "buy this domain", "parked", "sedoparking",
  93. "afternic", "dan.com", "hugedomains", "coming soon", "godaddy")
  96. def http_health(domain: str, timeout: float = 6.0) -> dict:
  97. rec: dict = {"http_live": None, "http_status": None, "https_ok": None,
  98. "parked_like": None, "page_title": None, "http_error": None}
  99. s = requests.Session()
  100. s.headers.update({"User-Agent": common.UA})
  101. for scheme in ("https", "http"):
  102. try:
  103. r = s.head(f"{scheme}://{domain}/", timeout=timeout, allow_redirects=True)
  104. rec["http_status"] = r.status_code
  105. rec[f"{scheme[:-1]}_ok" if scheme == "https" else "http_live"] = \
  106. r.status_code < 500
  107. if scheme == "https":
  108. rec["https_ok"] = True
  109. if r.status_code == 405:
  110. r = s.head(f"{scheme}://{domain}/", timeout=timeout,
  111. allow_redirects=True) # some stacks 405 HEAD only
  112. if r.status_code in (403, 401):
  113. rec["http_live"] = True # server answers; WAF is a signal too
  114. if r.status_code == 200:
  115. # small GET for parked-page sniff (cap 64KB)
  116. g = s.get(f"{scheme}://{domain}/", timeout=timeout, stream=True)
  117. chunk = next(g.iter_content(65536), b"") or b""
  118. g.close()
  119. head = chunk.decode("utf-8", "replace").lower()
  120. import re
  121. m = re.search(r"<title[^>]*>(.*?)</title>", head, re.S | re.I)
  122. if m:
  123. rec["page_title"] = m.group(1).strip()[:160]
  124. rec["parked_like"] = any(mk in head for mk in _PARKED_MARKERS)
  125. break
  126. if scheme == "https" and rec["https_ok"] is None:
  127. rec["https_ok"] = False
  128. except requests.exceptions.SSLError:
  129. if scheme == "https":
  130. rec["https_ok"] = False
  131. continue
  132. except requests.RequestException as e:
  133. rec["http_error"] = type(e).__name__.lower()
  134. if scheme == "https":
  135. rec["https_ok"] = False
  136. continue
  137. if rec["https_ok"]:
  138. rec["http_live"] = rec["http_live"] if rec["http_live"] is not None else True
  139. return rec
  142. # --------------------------------------------------------------- wayback
  144. def wayback_first_seen(domain: str, timeout: float = 20.0) -> dict:
  145. url = f"https://web.archive.org/cdx/search/cdx?url={domain}&limit=1"
  146. try:
  147. r = requests.get(url, headers={"User-Agent": common.UA}, timeout=timeout)
  148. if r.status_code == 200 and r.text.strip():
  149. first = r.text.strip().split()[1] # timestamp col
  150. return {"wayback_first_seen": first, "wayback_error": None}
  151. return {"wayback_first_seen": None,
  152. "wayback_error": f"http_{r.status_code}" if r.status_code != 200 else "empty"}
  153. except requests.RequestException as e:
  154. return {"wayback_first_seen": None, "wayback_error": type(e).__name__.lower()}
  157. # ---------------------------------------------------------------- crt.sh
  159. def crtsh_first_seen(domain: str, timeout: float = 25.0) -> dict:
  160. url = f"https://crt.sh/?q={domain}&output=json&limit=1"
  161. try:
  162. r = requests.get(url, headers={"User-Agent": common.UA}, timeout=timeout)
  163. if r.status_code == 200 and r.text.strip():
  164. data = r.json()
  165. if isinstance(data, list) and data:
  166. return {"crtsh_first_seen": min(e.get("not_before", "") for e in data),
  167. "crtsh_error": None}
  168. return {"crtsh_first_seen": None, "crtsh_error": "empty"}
  169. return {"crtsh_first_seen": None, "crtsh_error": f"http_{r.status_code}"}
  170. except requests.RequestException as e:
  171. return {"crtsh_first_seen": None, "crtsh_error": type(e).__name__.lower()}
  172. except ValueError:
  173. return {"crtsh_first_seen": None, "crtsh_error": "bad_json"}
  176. # ----------------------------------------------------------------- driver
  178. def default_threat_domains() -> list[str]:
  179. import pandas as pd
  180. sys.path.insert(0, str(common.ROOT))
  181. from processing.normalize_domain import root_domain
  182. df = pd.read_parquet(common.ROOT / "data" / "processed" / "dataset_clean.parquet")
  183. d = df[(df["entity_type"] == "domain") & (df["label"] == "confirmed_malicious")]
  184. dom = d["domain_normalized"].dropna().astype(str)
  185. real = dom[dom.str.contains(r"\.", na=False)
  186. & ~dom.str.match(r"^\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+$")]
  187. return sorted(set(real.map(root_domain).dropna()))
  190. def _load_done(jsonl: pathlib.Path) -> set[str]:
  191. done = set()
  192. if jsonl.exists():
  193. with jsonl.open() as f:
  194. for line in f:
  195. try:
  196. done.add(json.loads(line)["domain"])
  197. except Exception: # noqa: BLE001 — tolerate a torn trailing line
  198. continue
  199. return done
  202. def collect(input_path: str | None = None, crtsh_limit: int = 500,
  203. max_workers: int = 10) -> tuple[str, dict, bool]:
  204. if input_path:
  205. domains = json.loads(pathlib.Path(input_path).read_text())
  206. else:
  207. domains = default_threat_domains()
  208. domains = sorted(set(d.strip().lower() for d in domains if d.strip()))
  210. out = RAW / f"domain_health_{common.today()}.jsonl"
  211. done = _load_done(out)
  212. todo = [d for d in domains if d not in done]
  213. print(json.dumps({"source": "domain_health", "total": len(domains),
  214. "already_done": len(done), "todo": len(todo)}), file=sys.stderr)
  216. def probe(domain: str) -> dict:
  217. rec = {"domain": domain}
  218. rec.update(dns_health(domain))
  219. rec.update(http_health(domain))
  220. rec.update(wayback_first_seen(domain))
  221. return rec
  223. with out.open("a") as f:
  224. with cf.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=max_workers) as ex:
  225. futs = {ex.submit(probe, d): d for d in todo}
  226. for i, fut in enumerate(cf.as_completed(futs), 1):
  227. d = futs[fut]
  228. try:
  229. rec = fut.result()
  230. except Exception as e: # noqa: BLE001 — one bad domain must not kill the batch
  231. rec = {"domain": d, "error": f"{type(e).__name__}: {e}"}
  232. with _lock:
  233. f.write(json.dumps(rec) + "\n")
  234. f.flush()
  235. if i % 100 == 0:
  236. print(json.dumps({"source": "domain_health", "done": i,
  237. "total": len(todo)}), file=sys.stderr)
  239. # crt.sh bounded sample (sequential + polite sleep, on domains not yet done)
  240. sample = [d for d in domains if "crtsh_first_seen" not in
  241. _domain_record(out, d)][:max(0, crtsh_limit)]
  242. for i, d in enumerate(sample, 1):
  243. rec = crtsh_first_seen(d)
  244. with _lock, out.open("a") as f:
  245. f.write(json.dumps({"domain": d, **rec}) + "\n")
  246. f.flush()
  247. if i % 50 == 0:
  248. print(json.dumps({"source": "crtsh", "done": i, "total": len(sample)}),
  249. file=sys.stderr)
  250. import time as _t
  251. _t.sleep(0.3)
  253. blob = out.read_bytes()
  254. meta = {"source": "domain_health", "file": out.name, "url": "dns/http/cdx/crt.sh",
  255. "bytes": len(blob), "sha256": hashlib.sha256(blob).hexdigest(),
  256. "domains_total": len(domains), "records": len(_load_done(out)),
  257. "crtsh_sampled": crtsh_limit, "retrieved_at": common.utcnow(),
  258. "collector_version": common.COLLECTOR_VERSION}
  259. (RAW / f"{out.stem}.meta.json").write_text(json.dumps(meta, indent=2))
  260. print(json.dumps({"source": "domain_health", "records": meta["records"]}),
  261. file=sys.stderr)
  262. return str(out), meta, False
  265. _record_cache: dict[str, dict] = {}
  268. def _domain_record(jsonl: pathlib.Path, domain: str) -> dict:
  269. if not _record_cache:
  270. if jsonl.exists():
  271. with jsonl.open() as f:
  272. for line in f:
  273. try:
  274. r = json.loads(line)
  275. _record_cache[r["domain"]] = r
  276. except Exception: # noqa: BLE001
  277. continue
  278. return _record_cache.get(domain, {})
  281. def main() -> int:
  282. ap = argparse.ArgumentParser()
  283. ap.add_argument("--input", default=None, help="JSON list of domains")
  284. ap.add_argument("--crtsh-limit", type=int, default=500)
  285. ap.add_argument("--max-workers", type=int, default=10)
  286. args = ap.parse_args()
  287. collect(args.input, args.crtsh_limit, args.max_workers)
  288. return 0
  291. if __name__ == "__main__":
  292. raise SystemExit(main())